Advertising / en Meet the Black snowshoers who walked 1,000 kilometres across Canada in 1813: 老司机直播 expert /news/meet-black-snowshoers-who-walked-1000-kilometres-across-canada-1813-u-t-expert <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Meet the Black snowshoers who walked 1,000 kilometres across Canada in 1813: 老司机直播 expert</span> <div class="field field--name-field-featured-picture field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="eager" srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_370/public/file-20200213-10976-bmfqz7weblead.jpg?h=afdc3185&amp;itok=iWbUkO_z 370w, /sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_740/public/file-20200213-10976-bmfqz7weblead.jpg?h=afdc3185&amp;itok=4OD7N2ki 740w, /sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_1110/public/file-20200213-10976-bmfqz7weblead.jpg?h=afdc3185&amp;itok=zjYU-miO 1110w" sizes="(min-width:1200px) 1110px, (max-width: 1199px) 80vw, (max-width: 767px) 90vw, (max-width: 575px) 95vw" width="740" height="494" src="/sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_370/public/file-20200213-10976-bmfqz7weblead.jpg?h=afdc3185&amp;itok=iWbUkO_z" alt="Depiction of John Marrion in uniform"> </div> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"><span>Christopher.Sorensen</span></span> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"><time datetime="2020-02-18T09:43:04-05:00" title="Tuesday, February 18, 2020 - 09:43" class="datetime">Tue, 02/18/2020 - 09:43</time> </span> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-cutline-long field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Cutline</div> <div class="field__item"><p>John Marrion was part of the 104th (New Brunswick) Regiment of Foot. The 104th soldiers once snowshoed over 1,000 kilometres in about 50 days during the War of 1812 (Beaverbrook Collection of War Art/Canadian War Museum/CWM 19810948)</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-author-reporters field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/authors-reporters/jacqueline-l-scott" hreflang="en">Jacqueline L. Scott</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-topic field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Topic</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/topics/our-community" hreflang="en">Our Community</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-story-tags field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/advertising" hreflang="en">Advertising</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/black" hreflang="en">Black</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/diversity" hreflang="en">Diversity</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/graduate-students" hreflang="en">Graduate Students</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/indigenous" hreflang="en">Indigenous</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/ontario-institute-studies-education" hreflang="en">Ontario Institute for Studies in Education</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/sport" hreflang="en">Sport</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/conversation" hreflang="en">The Conversation</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="legacy">Snowshoeing in the woods on a sunny winter鈥檚 day is my idea of fun. When playing in the snow, winter seems to pass faster.</p> <p>Over <a href="https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/11-627-m/11-627-m2018005-eng.htm">two-thirds of Canadians participate in outdoor recreation</a>, according to Statistics Canada. Some 13 per cent of these nature fans enjoy snowshoeing. Compared to skiing, snowshoeing is low-key, inexpensive and easy to learn. And it can be done anywhere as long as there is snow.</p> <p>Snowshoe walks and races <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14610980312331271639">were once the most popular winter sports in Canada</a>, long before hockey seized that prize. A century ago, snowshoe clubs were scattered all over the country. The most important was the <a href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008683607/Cite">Montr茅al Snowshoe Club</a>, formed in 1840. It organized professional and amateur races.</p> <figure class="align-left zoomable"><a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/314884/original/file-20200211-61912-7u30gh.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip"><img alt sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/314884/original/file-20200211-61912-7u30gh.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=237&amp;fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/314884/original/file-20200211-61912-7u30gh.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=805&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/314884/original/file-20200211-61912-7u30gh.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=805&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/314884/original/file-20200211-61912-7u30gh.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=805&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/314884/original/file-20200211-61912-7u30gh.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=1011&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/314884/original/file-20200211-61912-7u30gh.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=1011&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/314884/original/file-20200211-61912-7u30gh.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=1011&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w"></a> <figcaption><span class="caption">Lord Stanley of Preston being 鈥渂ounced鈥 as a member of the Montr茅al Snowshoe Club in 1866 (<a class="source" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal_Snow_Shoe_Club#/media/File:The_Bounce,_Montreal_Snowshoe_Club.jpg" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 1rem; display: inline !important;">Wm. Notman &amp; Son/McCord Museum /VIEW-2425</a><br> <span style="font-size: 1rem; display: inline !important;">)</span></span></figcaption> </figure> <p>Some Black men <a href="https://www.mqup.ca/done-with-slavery-products-9780773535787.php">once snowshoed over 1,000 kilometres</a> in about 50 days. The epic trek took them from Fredericton, N.B., to Kingston, Ont. Unlike us, these men were not doing it for outdoor recreation.</p> <p>The men were part of the <a href="https://www.warmuseum.ca/collections/artifact/1017236/?media_irn=5689566">104th New Brunswick Regiment of Foot</a>. The regiment <a href="https://www.unb.ca/nbmhp-database/york-county/poi-york-county-2/winter-march-of-the-104th-regiment.php">left Fredericton on Feb. 16, 1813</a>, and followed the banks of the frozen Saint John, Madawaska and St. Lawrence rivers until they reached Kingston. They arrived in April.</p> <p>The 600 or so soldiers of the 104th trekked across the country to bolster Canadian defences against an impending United States invasion. This became known as the War of 1812, even though the conflict was spread out over the next two years.</p> <p>The <a href="https://www.mqup.ca/done-with-slavery-products-9780773535787.php">Black men in the 104th</a> included Harry Grant, Richard Houldin and Henry McEvoy. They are a minor footnote in the War of 1812 and are usually ignored in accounts of the conflict.</p> <figure class="align-center "><img alt sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/315361/original/file-20200213-11040-2fknrq.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/315361/original/file-20200213-11040-2fknrq.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=388&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/315361/original/file-20200213-11040-2fknrq.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=388&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/315361/original/file-20200213-11040-2fknrq.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=388&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/315361/original/file-20200213-11040-2fknrq.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=488&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/315361/original/file-20200213-11040-2fknrq.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=488&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/315361/original/file-20200213-11040-2fknrq.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=488&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w"> <figcaption><span class="caption">The 104th is an under-recognized military march on par with great marches in history. Here the route is mapped out (<a class="source" href="https://www.stjohnriver.org/war_of_1812.htm" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 1rem; display: inline !important;">Drew Kennickell/The St. John River Society</a><span style="font-size: 1rem; display: inline !important;">)</span></span></figcaption> </figure> <h3>Indigenous technology</h3> <p>The erasure of these Black soldiers of the 104th follows the usual pattern of deleting Black people from the mainstream history of Canada, as their <a href="https://search.library.utoronto.ca/details?4851365">presence or absence</a> raises questions about race and empire, and genocide and slavery.</p> <p>When Black people are acknowledged, it is usually in reference to the Underground Railroad, and the fugitives鈥 flight from slavery to freedom in the Great White North. The focus on this part of history ignores the <a href="https://www.cbc.ca/radio/ideas/canada-s-slavery-secret-the-whitewashing-of-200-years-of-enslavement-1.4726313">200 years of slavery in Canada</a>, and how <a href="https://www.dukeupress.edu/in-the-wake">living in its wake</a> continues to shape Black lives today.</p> <p>The 104th long march was possible as the army used Indigenous technology and techniques to survive the winter slog. For example, a pair of men each pushed and <a href="https://www.saltscapes.com/10-roots-folks/1689-forward-march.html">pulled a toboggan</a> loaded with their food and gear. <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/toboggan">The toboggan was a traditional Indigenous mode of winter transport</a>.</p> <p>The men wore moccasins. These <a href="http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/sgc-cms/expositions-exhibitions/chaussure-footwear/english_flash/exhibition/mfn/index.html">Indigenous shoes</a> are perfect for walking on ice or snow as they are light, warm and waterproof.</p> <p>Then there were the <a href="https://www.warmuseum.ca/event/snowshoe-into-history-1/">Indigenous snowshoes</a>. They were <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/snowshoes">essential winter gear</a> as they were the easiest way to move in thick snow 鈥 if you were a hunter, soldier or just out for a walk.</p> <p>With just boots on, with each step, one would sink up to knees or hips in the white stuff. In a different situation, this could be lethal. Cold legs are prone to frostbite and frostbite can end in amputation or death. Snowshoes spread the body鈥檚 weight so that one can walk and not sink into the powder, and can travel further with less effort.</p> <figure class="align-center "><img alt sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/315119/original/file-20200212-61929-1sasyb5.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/315119/original/file-20200212-61929-1sasyb5.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=427&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/315119/original/file-20200212-61929-1sasyb5.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=427&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/315119/original/file-20200212-61929-1sasyb5.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=427&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/315119/original/file-20200212-61929-1sasyb5.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=537&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/315119/original/file-20200212-61929-1sasyb5.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=537&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/315119/original/file-20200212-61929-1sasyb5.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=537&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w"> <figcaption><span class="caption">Lithograph on wove paper of 鈥楽nowshoeing Club of Montr茅al.鈥 Several men are depicted walking in the snowy woods with snowshoes (<span style="font-size: 1rem; display: inline !important;">Henry Sandham, 1842-1910/Library and Archives Canada, Acc. No. R9266-1432.</span><span style="font-size: 1rem; display: inline !important;"><a class="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 1rem; display: inline !important;">CC BY-NC</a></span><span style="font-size: 1rem; display: inline !important;">)</span></span></figcaption> </figure> <p>On a recent snowshoe hike, I passed through a strand of cedar trees, brushing a few twigs as I trudged by. The trees released a perfume that was fresh and invigorating. In my mind, it is the smell of Christmas.</p> <p>The men of the 104th also liked the cedars. And not just for the scent. They used the branches to make a bed each evening, as <a href="https://www.mqup.ca/done-with-slavery-products-9780773535787.php">they huddled in a makeshift teepee</a> made from saplings and insulated with branches and moss. A blanket and a fire in the middle kept them warm in the sub-zero nights.</p> <h3>鈥榃e were made for this鈥</h3> <p>Ten years ago, Canada hosted the <a href="https://www.olympic.org/vancouver-2010">2010 Vancouver Winter Olympic Games</a>. The Hudson Bay Company, our iconic retailer of Canadiana, made a marketing campaign with the tagline, 鈥<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dLsFkZKj63U">We were made for this</a>.鈥</p> <p>In the images of the campaign, pioneers and later athletes skiied, hiked and tobogganed in a winter wonderland. Almost all the people visible in the advertisement are white. Thus it made an explicit connection between race, winter and outdoors recreation. It reflected two dominant nationalist mythologies of Canada 鈥 as the 鈥<a href="https://btlbooks.com/book/race-space-and-the-law">the Great White North</a>鈥 and the 鈥済reat outdoors.鈥</p> <p>There are many issues with the advert, but I am interested in how it whitewashed Canadian history and outdoors recreation. <a href="https://www.cbc.ca/playersvoice/entry/black-canada-hike-claiming-space">What has changed in the past decade?</a></p> <p>Snowshoes are cheap to rent at ski resorts and parks and from outdoor&nbsp;recreation stores. Snowshoeing is marketed as a truly Canadian winter sport that is accessible to different age groups, fitness levels and abilities.</p> <p>It鈥檚 a great way for families to spend a winter day outdoors. The marketing photographs are filled with happy white people, in bright neon-coloured jackets, romping in the snow. What is missing from the images are Indigenous, Black and other people of colour. Snow is free, but race plays a role in who is wanted and who gets access to snowshoeing.</p> <figure class="align-left zoomable"><a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/315374/original/file-20200213-11040-ewxus5.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip"><img alt sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/315374/original/file-20200213-11040-ewxus5.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=237&amp;fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/315374/original/file-20200213-11040-ewxus5.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=950&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/315374/original/file-20200213-11040-ewxus5.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=950&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/315374/original/file-20200213-11040-ewxus5.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=950&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/315374/original/file-20200213-11040-ewxus5.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=1193&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/315374/original/file-20200213-11040-ewxus5.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=1193&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/315374/original/file-20200213-11040-ewxus5.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=1193&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w"></a> <figcaption><span class="caption">John Marrion, depicted here, was part of the 104th (New Brunswick) Regiment of Foot (<span style="font-size: 1rem; display: inline !important;">Beaverbrook Collection of War Art/Canadian War Museum/CWM 19810948-008)</span></span></figcaption> </figure> <h3>The joy of the outdoors</h3> <p>On my snowshoeing ramble, other people were racing through the woods. They were snowshoe runners, dressed in light running gear. Lots of lycra and colour. They shouted greetings as they sailed by.</p> <p>Something was drilling in the woods. I followed my ears, swivelled my head, and spotted a hairy woodpecker getting its lunch of grubs out of the bark of a tree. The little patch of red on the back of its head was a bold splash of natural colour in a landscape of white snow and beige trees.</p> <p>I snowshoed about six kilometres on my minuscule trek that day. And then I was done. Tired, ready for hot chocolate and cake in a warm caf茅.</p> <p>The Black soliders and and their fellow 104th snowshoers would have taken about two hours to do that distance. They had 1,000 kilometres to snowshoe. One day I plan to recreate their historic feat as part of my project of mapping <a href="https://uncpress.org/book/9781469614489/black-faces-white-spaces/">how race intersects with outdoors recreation</a>, geography and adventure travel.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img alt="The Conversation" height="1" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/126977/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important" width="1" loading="lazy"><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: http://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></p> <p><em><span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/jacqueline-l-scott-532141">Jacqueline L. Scott</a>&nbsp;is a PhD student at the&nbsp;<a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-toronto-1281">University of Toronto</a>.</span></em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="http://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/meet-the-black-snowshoers-who-walked-1-000-kilometres-across-canada-in-1813-126977">original article</a>.</em></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-news-home-page-banner field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">News home page banner</div> <div class="field__item">Off</div> </div> Tue, 18 Feb 2020 14:43:04 +0000 Christopher.Sorensen 162701 at Gillette's #MeToo-inspired ad represents a cultural shift /news/gillette-s-metoo-inspired-ad-represents-cultural-shift <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Gillette's #MeToo-inspired ad represents a cultural shift</span> <div class="field field--name-field-featured-picture field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="eager" srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_370/public/2019-01-22-gilette-resized_0.jpg?h=afdc3185&amp;itok=u3qGA5Xn 370w, /sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_740/public/2019-01-22-gilette-resized_0.jpg?h=afdc3185&amp;itok=8zjrYIlb 740w, /sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_1110/public/2019-01-22-gilette-resized_0.jpg?h=afdc3185&amp;itok=Zi5RwF12 1110w" sizes="(min-width:1200px) 1110px, (max-width: 1199px) 80vw, (max-width: 767px) 90vw, (max-width: 575px) 95vw" width="740" height="494" src="/sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_370/public/2019-01-22-gilette-resized_0.jpg?h=afdc3185&amp;itok=u3qGA5Xn" alt="Photo from Gillette ad"> </div> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"><span>noreen.rasbach</span></span> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"><time datetime="2019-01-22T15:13:35-05:00" title="Tuesday, January 22, 2019 - 15:13" class="datetime">Tue, 01/22/2019 - 15:13</time> </span> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-cutline-long field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Cutline</div> <div class="field__item">Does the new #MeToo-inspired Gillette ad for men鈥檚 razors represent a cultural shift in ads directed at men? Here鈥檚 a still from the new ad (Gillette/Procter &amp; Gamble)</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-author-reporters field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/authors-reporters/andrea-benoit" hreflang="en">Andrea Benoit</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-topic field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Topic</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/topics/city-culture" hreflang="en">City &amp; Culture</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-story-tags field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/advertising" hreflang="en">Advertising</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/culture" hreflang="en">Culture</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/faculty-staff" hreflang="en">Faculty &amp; Staff</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/conversation" hreflang="en">The Conversation</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>It鈥檚 that time of year when Super Bowl ads become viral sensations, but one of the most talked about commercials of 2019 won鈥檛 be shown during the big game. Gillette鈥檚 ad called <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=koPmuEyP3a0">鈥淲e believe鈥</a> refers directly to the #MeToo movement, sexual harassment and bullying, and the commercial has generated lots of buzz because of its use of images of 鈥渢oxic masculinity.鈥</p> <p>The ad depicts the ways that harmful forms of masculinity have become normalized, in relationships and the workplace and through media representations in TV shows, ads and news. It then asks men to be self-reflective about their attitudes and behaviour. <a href="https://theconversation.com/razor-burned-why-gillettes-campaign-against-toxic-masculinity-missed-the-mark-109932">Criticism for the ad has been harsh on social media, with some men indicating they would boycott the brand.</a></p> <figure><iframe allowfullscreen frameborder="0" height="260" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/koPmuEyP3a0?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0" width="440"></iframe> <figcaption><em><span class="caption">The new Gillette ad has made some men angry</span></em></figcaption> </figure> <p>The commercial, which so far has only run online and isn鈥檛 scheduled to appear on TV, is on track to becoming one of the most disliked ever. Two weeks after Gillette posted it on YouTube, it had more than 27 million views, 1.3 million dislikes and 740,000 likes. In facing its own perhaps complicit past in perpetuating damaging gender stereotypes in its advertising, Gillette has offered a behaviour-change challenge to men. It is a tactic that has instead made male consumers feel attacked, victimized and angry.</p> <p>But is the ad meant to attract men or women? And in the face of such resistance, does the commercial have any potential to accomplish the social change that Gillette is asking men to make?</p> <h3>Cause marketing as a way to stand out</h3> <p>Gillette acknowledges that advertising plays a role in influencing culture. Indeed, advertising is one of the most prominent forms of social communication. However, advertising鈥檚 ultimate goal is always to grow sales and build brand identity and value, not to instigate social transformation.</p> <p>Gillette鈥檚 commercial is an unusual example of the now ubiquitous commodification of social causes. However, it is relatively rare to see a social cause so explicitly embedded in advertising for products directed to men. And this one seems to be disliked by its target audience. This is a real problem for Gillette because it is&nbsp;aiming to refresh its 30-year-old brand.</p> <p>Because many products are functionally effective and similar, the challenge is to differentiate similar products within a category. Enter cause marketing.</p> <p>Cause marketing campaigns feature a consumer product that represents a partnership between a brand and a social cause. Consumers purchase the product and a portion of sales are donated to the social cause (sometimes the charity is the brand鈥檚 own). And a consumer movement is seemingly born.</p> <p>Procter &amp; Gamble, Gillette鈥檚 parent company, took this cause marketing approach in 2015. The <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XjJQBjWYDTs">#LikeAGirl</a> advertising campaign for Always tampons challenged internalized female stereotypes with the aim of keeping girls鈥 confidence high during puberty and beyond.</p> <figure><iframe allowfullscreen frameborder="0" height="260" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/XjJQBjWYDTs?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0" width="440"></iframe> <figcaption><em><span class="caption">Always #LikeAGirl ad campaign&nbsp;</span></em></figcaption> </figure> <h3>Reflecting consumers鈥 aspirations</h3> <p>Gillette鈥檚 new campaign is called <a href="https://gillette.com/en-us/the-best-men-can-be">鈥淭he Best Men Can Be,鈥</a>&nbsp;an update of its tagline from 30 years ago, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ThDBf14qPsc">鈥淭he Best a Man Can Get.鈥</a> It promises to donate $1 million per year for three years to American non-profit organizations dedicated to educating and helping men become their own 鈥減ersonal best.鈥</p> <p>A great brand resonates with consumers at particular historical moments. <a href="https://brandinginasia.com/bbdo-indias-share-the-load/">Powerful advertising tells authentic stories to consumers</a> about the function that consumer objects play in their lives, and their own place in the (capitalist) world in which we exist.</p> <p>By invoking stories or myths about how the world works, and attaching beliefs and values to a product, a brand's identity and values come to life, enacted in daily rituals within a cultural context in which these consumer goods have meaning to consumers.</p> <figure><iframe allowfullscreen frameborder="0" height="260" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/vwW0X9f0mME?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0" width="440"></iframe> <figcaption><em><span class="caption">Procter &amp; Gamble鈥檚 #SharetheLoad ad for Ariel laundry detergent by BBDO topped the list of best world ad campaigns for two years in a row (2017-18)&nbsp;</span></em></figcaption> </figure> <p>Nike is an example of a brand that repeatedly accomplishes this. Its 2018 <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/sport/video/2018/sep/07/nike-releases-full-ad-featuring-colin-kaepernick-video">Colin Kaepernick ad</a> touches on racial discrimination, the <a href="https://theconversation.com/protests-not-welcome-in-the-spectacle-of-sports-84817">#Takeaknee movement</a> and the transformative power of sport.</p> <p>The Gillette ad instead enters the banal world of a man and his daily shaving routine. Gillette is not presenting an aspirational lifestyle choice in the same way Nike does.</p> <p>Instead, the Gillette ad enters a man鈥檚 personal space, without his permission, and forces him to face his masculinity head-on. Gillette tells men that 鈥渟omething finally changed鈥 as it flashes a clip of a newscaster speaking of 鈥渁llegations of sexual harassment.鈥 The ad imposes an inescapable self-reflection into their daily routine saying, 鈥測ou can鈥檛 hide from it鈥 anymore.</p> <p>Men are now obliged when looking into the mirror to ask themselves, daily, if they are 鈥渢he best鈥 they can be. Unlike the Kaepernick Nike ad, this is not the aspirational story advertising typically tells us about our place in the world.</p> <figure><em><iframe allowfullscreen frameborder="0" height="260" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Fq2CvmgoO7I?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0" width="440"></iframe></em> <figcaption><em><span class="caption">鈥淏elieve in something, even if it means sacrificing everything"</span></em></figcaption> </figure> <p>Instead, Gillette鈥檚 commercial calls for men鈥檚 painful contemplation about their daily lives, during their daily ritual of shaving. The ad is seemingly about shaving, but it is also about how men treat their wives, partners, friends, kids and colleagues.</p> <p>This call for self-examination, now attached to the dull, unavoidable and very personal daily ritual of shaving, is making a lot of men uncomfortable. But it is precisely this kind of confrontation and introspection that is needed if any real change can take place. And it is this introspection that the women and men of the #MeToo moment have called for men to do.</p> <h3>Is the ad speaking to men or women?</h3> <p>Gillette鈥檚 approach is risky. It is a brand that has relied more on product functionality than creating a compelling brand story for 30 years.</p> <p>The new Gillette ad is ostensibly speaking to men, using 鈥渙ur鈥 and 鈥渨e,鈥 but is the ad speaking to men or is it directed towards women? <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2008/oct/04/beauty.mens.razors">Although men are picky about their razors</a>, <a href="https://progressivegrocer.com/women-dominate-grocery-shopping-study">women generally do most of the household shopping.</a></p> <p>Women are accustomed to associating lifestyle products with 鈥渇eminist鈥 social issues 鈥 breast cancer, positive media representations of female beauty 鈥 and they make consumer choices that appear to support these movements, a phenomenon sociologists Robert Goldman, Deborah Heath and Sharon L. Smith called <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/15295039109366801">鈥渃ommodity feminism</a>.鈥</p> <p>But men are not used to seeing social causes attached to their favourite products in the same way. Does Gillette鈥檚 campaign represent a new starting point for accepting advertising that speaks to men about social issues? The Dove <a href="https://www.dove.com/ca/en/stories/campaigns.html">鈥淩eal Beauty鈥</a> campaign in the mid-2000s marked a cultural shift in promotional culture directed at women. Does this Gillette ad represent the parallel for men?</p> <p>A daily reflection and assessment of one鈥檚 attitudes connected to the cultural shift which #MeToo has helped to bring about might be a good start, 鈥渂ecause the boys watching today will be the men of tomorrow鈥 and they will inevitably need a close shave.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img alt="The Conversation" height="1" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/110080/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important" width="1" loading="lazy"><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: http://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></p> <p><em>This story has been corrected. An earlier version&nbsp;suggested the Gillette commercial would be broadcast during the Super Bowl.</em></p> <p><em><span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/andrea-benoit-537064">Andrea Benoit</a>&nbsp;is an&nbsp;academic review officer at&nbsp;<a href="http://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-toronto-1281">University of Toronto</a></span></em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="http://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/gillettes-metoo-inspired-super-bowl-ad-represents-a-cultural-shift-110080">original article</a>.</em></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-news-home-page-banner field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">News home page banner</div> <div class="field__item">Off</div> </div> Tue, 22 Jan 2019 20:13:35 +0000 noreen.rasbach 151736 at 'Do white people dominate the outdoors?' 老司机直播 expert on race in outdoors advertising /news/do-white-people-dominate-outdoors-u-t-expert-race-outdoors-advertising <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">'Do white people dominate the outdoors?' 老司机直播 expert on race in outdoors advertising</span> <div class="field field--name-field-featured-picture field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="eager" srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_370/public/2018-10-26-conversation-outdoors-resized.jpg?h=3fcbca33&amp;itok=On-r38p_ 370w, /sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_740/public/2018-10-26-conversation-outdoors-resized.jpg?h=3fcbca33&amp;itok=mQULuZdv 740w, /sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_1110/public/2018-10-26-conversation-outdoors-resized.jpg?h=3fcbca33&amp;itok=qA82OfaU 1110w" sizes="(min-width:1200px) 1110px, (max-width: 1199px) 80vw, (max-width: 767px) 90vw, (max-width: 575px) 95vw" width="740" height="494" src="/sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_370/public/2018-10-26-conversation-outdoors-resized.jpg?h=3fcbca33&amp;itok=On-r38p_" alt="Photo showing the outdoors"> </div> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"><span>noreen.rasbach</span></span> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"><time datetime="2018-10-26T09:22:08-04:00" title="Friday, October 26, 2018 - 09:22" class="datetime">Fri, 10/26/2018 - 09:22</time> </span> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-cutline-long field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Cutline</div> <div class="field__item">There is a long history of "visual apartheid" in the advertising of the outdoors industry 鈥 an absence of Indigenous, Black and racialized people (photo by Esther Wiegardt/Unsplash) </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-author-reporters field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/authors-reporters/jacqueline-l-scott" hreflang="en">Jacqueline L. Scott</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-topic field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Topic</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/topics/city-culture" hreflang="en">City &amp; Culture</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-story-tags field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/advertising" hreflang="en">Advertising</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/diversity" hreflang="en">Diversity</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/graduate-students" hreflang="en">Graduate Students</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/ontario-institute-studies-education" hreflang="en">Ontario Institute for Studies in Education</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/conversation" hreflang="en">The Conversation</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>"Do white people dominate the outdoors?鈥</p> <p>David Labistour, <a href="https://www.mec.ca/en/article/outside-is-for-everyone">CEO of Mountain Equipment Co-op (MEC), asked that question.</a> As Canada鈥檚 iconic retailer of clothing and equipment for the outdoors, what MEC says matters.</p> <p>In his post on the company blog, Labistour says: 鈥淗istorically, the models we鈥檝e used in our catalogues and campaigns and on <a href="https://www.mec.ca/en/p/diversity">our website</a> have been predominantly white.鈥 Labistour apologizes for this.</p> <p>He goes on to say: 鈥淎s CEO of MEC, I promise that moving forward, we will make sure we鈥檙e inspiring and representing the diverse community that already exists in the outdoors.鈥</p> <p>There is a long history of <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222216.2004.11950034">visual apartheid</a> in the advertising of the outdoors industry. What I mean by this is the absence of Indigenous, Black and other racialized people&nbsp;in the ads.</p> <figure class="align-center "><img alt src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/242110/original/file-20181024-71017-h1drqx.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip"> <figcaption><em><span class="caption">鈥淲e鈥檝e let our members down鈥:&nbsp;Collage of MEC catalogues&nbsp;</span></em></figcaption> </figure> <p>Do a quick internet search for 鈥渙utdoors recreation advertising,鈥 and you will find mostly white people in the images. Whether it is canoeing, skiing, bicycling or camping, Black faces are not there.</p> <h3>Harriet Tubman was a wilderness expert</h3> <p>In reality, Black people have a long history of being in the outdoors in Canada. This history has been whitewashed, not just in outdoors advertising but also in <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/conl.12431">conservation</a>, <a href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781317675112/chapters/10.4324%2F9781315771342-8">outdoors education</a> and <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/cag.12025">environmental education</a>.</p> <p><a href="http://harriettubmancanada.com/index.html">Harriet Tubman</a> is one of my inspirations for researching Black people in the Canadian outdoors. As a historical figure, she is associated with bringing fugitive slaves from the United States to safety in Canada via the Underground Railroad.</p> <p>Viewed another way, Tubman was also an expert in outdoor survival skills. She made some 20 treks across the border, some in winter, using different routes to avoid the slave catchers. She was successful as her level of wilderness expertise was phenomenal.</p> <h3>Arctic exploration</h3> <p>The outdoors industry likes to suggest an adventurous lifestyle in its advertising. For winter activities they could seek inspiration from <a href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924029882739/page/n0">Matthew Henson, an Arctic explorer</a>. A colleague of Robert Perry, Henson spent more than&nbsp;20 years trying to reach the North Pole.</p> <p>The quest to be the first person on that spot was a holy grail of white explorers for two centuries. Few expect a Black man to share that prize. Henson writes about his adventures in his book <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/20923/20923-h/20923-h.htm"><em>A Negro Explorer at the North Pole</em></a>. Published in 1912, Henson makes it clear that the explorations depended on the expertise of the Inuit and their knowledge of the land.</p> <p>Canoeing is an iconic summer activity in Canada. And Black people have always been there too. The voyageurs, paddling along the rivers and lakes of the country, in the fur trade with Indigenous people, is part of Canadian outdoors history.</p> <figure class="align-center "><img alt src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/242317/original/file-20181025-71020-1jjjpj5.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip"> <figcaption><em><span class="caption">Canoeing is a classic Canadian activity (photo by </span><span class="attribution"><span class="source">HB Mertz /Unsplash)</span></span></em></figcaption> </figure> <p>Missing from that picture are the Black voyageurs and fur traders. For instance, there was <a href="https://blackpast.org/aah/bonga-george-1802-1880">George Bonga, a Black and Indigenous fur trader in Montreal</a> in the 1800s. On the other side of the country, there was <a href="https://edmontonjournal.com/opinion/columnists/paula-simons-strong-and-free-the-adventures-of-joseph-lewis-edmontons-first-black-voyageur">Joseph Lewis, a Black fur trader and explorer</a> in Edmonton in the early 1800s.</p> <h3>Cowboys</h3> <p>Cowboys riding across the prairies, under the great big blue sky, is another mythologized image in the outdoors history of Canada. And once again the myth excludes <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/john-ware">Black cowboys such as John Ware</a>.</p> <p>Black cowboys helped to create the ranching industry in the prairies in the 1880s. The Calgary Stampede is part of their legacy. Canada Post honoured John Ware on a stamp in 2012.</p> <figure class="align-center "><img alt src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/242293/original/file-20181025-71020-4e1t9l.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip"> <figcaption><em><span class="caption">(Left) John Ware and his family in Red Deer river, Alberta, c. 1896. (Right) John Ware stamp, 2012</span>&nbsp;(<span class="attribution"><a class="source" href="http://www.glenbow.org/collections/search/findingAids/archhtm/ware.cfm">Glenbow Archives/Canada Post</a>)&nbsp;</span></em></figcaption> </figure> <h3>Advertising dollars</h3> <p>It makes good business sense for MEC to include Indigenous, Black and racialized people in its advertising. They are becoming the largest segment of the population. The <a href="https://www.ubcpress.ca/rethinking-the-great-white-north">myth of Canada as a white nation</a> is crumbling under the census numbers. If the outdoors industry is to thrive, it must reflect diversity in its advertising.</p> <figure><em><iframe allowfullscreen frameborder="0" height="260" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/WS7_T5txs60?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0" width="440"></iframe></em> <figcaption><em><span class="caption">MEC video explains why they changed their advertising to better reflect their members</span></em></figcaption> </figure> <p>MEC has taken a step towards increasing racial diversity in the Canadian outdoors. Let us hope that other organizations such as parks, nature conservancies and environmental groups follow their lead.</p> <p>However, it is too easy for the first step to be the only step. A commitment to diversity must be internal as well as external, and move beyond simply expanding a customer base, to employing Indigenous, Black and other racialized people and supporting their access to the great Canadian outdoors.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img alt="The Conversation" height="1" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/105566/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important" width="1" loading="lazy"><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: http://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></p> <p><em>Jacqueline L. Scott&nbsp;is a&nbsp;PhD student at the&nbsp;Ontario Institute for Studies In Education at the&nbsp;University of Toronto.</em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="http://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/do-white-people-dominate-the-outdoors-105566">original article</a>.</em></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-news-home-page-banner field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">News home page banner</div> <div class="field__item">Off</div> </div> Fri, 26 Oct 2018 13:22:08 +0000 noreen.rasbach 145802 at Nike wants to be on the right side of history with Colin Kaepernick ad, says 老司机直播 expert /news/nike-wants-be-right-side-history-colin-kaepernick-ad-says-u-t-expert <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Nike wants to be on the right side of history with Colin Kaepernick ad, says 老司机直播 expert</span> <div class="field field--name-field-featured-picture field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="eager" srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_370/public/2018-09-06-kaepernick-resized.jpg?h=afdc3185&amp;itok=UssLN5ae 370w, /sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_740/public/2018-09-06-kaepernick-resized.jpg?h=afdc3185&amp;itok=EmYIloRY 740w, /sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_1110/public/2018-09-06-kaepernick-resized.jpg?h=afdc3185&amp;itok=dIQf7h1Y 1110w" sizes="(min-width:1200px) 1110px, (max-width: 1199px) 80vw, (max-width: 767px) 90vw, (max-width: 575px) 95vw" width="740" height="494" src="/sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_370/public/2018-09-06-kaepernick-resized.jpg?h=afdc3185&amp;itok=UssLN5ae" alt="Photo of Nike ad with Colin Kaepernick"> </div> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"><span>noreen.rasbach</span></span> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"><time datetime="2018-09-07T00:00:00-04:00" title="Friday, September 7, 2018 - 00:00" class="datetime">Fri, 09/07/2018 - 00:00</time> </span> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-cutline-long field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Cutline</div> <div class="field__item">A billboard featuring former San Francisco 49ers quaterback Colin Kaepernick is displayed on the roof of the Nike store in San Francisco, Calif. this week (photo by Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-author-reporters field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/authors-reporters/jelena-damjanovic" hreflang="en">Jelena Damjanovic</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-topic field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Topic</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/topics/global-lens" hreflang="en">Global Lens</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-story-tags field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/advertising" hreflang="en">Advertising</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/faculty-kinesiology-physical-education" hreflang="en">Faculty of Kinesiology &amp; Physical Education</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/global" hreflang="en">Global</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/sports" hreflang="en">Sports</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><div>When news broke this week that Colin Kaepernick would become the new face of Nike鈥檚 Just Do It campaign, many were taken by surprise. The former San Francisco 49ers quarterback stirred a national debate in the United States by kneeling during the national anthem before games to protest racial injustice and police brutality. The timing of the ad campaign, days before the first game of the NFL season on Thursday, is&nbsp;likely to stoke the controversy over pre-game protests.</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div> <p><strong>Jelena Damjanovic</strong>&nbsp;asked&nbsp;<strong>Simon Darnell</strong>, assistant professor at the University of Toronto鈥檚 Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, for his take on what it all means for Kaepernick 鈥 and Nike. Darnell鈥檚 research interests include social movements and activism in sport, as well as sport, race and post-colonialism.</p> <hr> <p><strong>What鈥檚 your reaction to Colin Kaepernick becoming the new face of Nike鈥檚 Just Do It campaign?</strong></p> </div> <div property="schema:text"> <p>I think this caught everyone by surprise, both supporters and critics of Kaepernick. One of the aspects of athlete activism that has become clear is that athletes who speak out often pay a price for doing so. In Kaepernick鈥檚 case, this has meant being ostracized from the NFL. Yet being featured in an advertising campaign by one of the biggest brands on the planet is not exactly punishment. In fact, the ad campaign makes specific reference to what Kaepernick has endured.</p> <p>So it seems that one of the outcomes of this whole saga is that people (and companies) are starting to realize how difficult it can be for athlete activists to speak out, and they鈥檙e actually celebrating such sacrifices (and attempting to connect their brands to them). I think this in itself is an interesting development.&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Kaepernick has not been signed by any of the NFL鈥檚 32 teams since the protests spread. Do you expect this decision by Nike will help turn the tide?</strong></p> <p>I don鈥檛 think that this new ad campaign will have much bearing on whether Kaepernick gets another job in the NFL or not. But I think that Kaepernick鈥檚 grievance against the league for colluding to keep him out, which is now going to a formal hearing, is a big deal, and one that will continue to keep the question of his unemployment under serious scrutiny. That high-profile NFL officials and owners might have to answer for this formally is fascinating, even though the proceedings will be private.</p> <p>At the least, the question of how and why Kaepernick hasn鈥檛 played in the league since speaking out isn鈥檛 going away anytime soon.</p> <p><strong>By supporting Kaepernick, Nike has entered the political fray many sport brands might have avoided for fear of alienating some customers. What鈥檚 your take on this?</strong></p> <p>I鈥檓 not the first to draw these conclusions, but two things seem to be happening here: One is that Nike sees supporters of&nbsp;Kaepernick as a demographic to whom they want to appeal. They鈥檝e likely made the business calculation that they will gain more customers than they will lose by supporting&nbsp;Kaepernick. It鈥檚 a reminder that successful brands tend to appeal to specific people or groups, and not necessarily the entire population.</p> <p>Two is that Nike likely sees, as most people do, that peaceful activists who speak out on issues of justice and in support of oppressed people usually end up being seen favourably in the long term. Activists pay a price in the moment, but history looks well upon them. Nike wants to be on the right side of history here.&nbsp;</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-news-home-page-banner field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">News home page banner</div> <div class="field__item">Off</div> </div> Fri, 07 Sep 2018 04:00:00 +0000 noreen.rasbach 142302 at The selling of the U.S. election: 老司机直播's Jeffrey Dvorkin explains it all /news/selling-us-election-u-t-s-jeffrey-dvorkin-explains-it-all <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">The selling of the U.S. election: 老司机直播's Jeffrey Dvorkin explains it all</span> <div class="field field--name-field-featured-picture field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="eager" srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_370/public/dvorkin.jpg?h=afdc3185&amp;itok=e3f8A8bY 370w, /sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_740/public/dvorkin.jpg?h=afdc3185&amp;itok=9pyQQDov 740w, /sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_1110/public/dvorkin.jpg?h=afdc3185&amp;itok=UueLTc0e 1110w" sizes="(min-width:1200px) 1110px, (max-width: 1199px) 80vw, (max-width: 767px) 90vw, (max-width: 575px) 95vw" width="740" height="494" src="/sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_370/public/dvorkin.jpg?h=afdc3185&amp;itok=e3f8A8bY" alt="Photo of Jeffrey Dvorkin"> </div> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"><span>lavende4</span></span> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"><time datetime="2016-11-02T13:20:57-04:00" title="Wednesday, November 2, 2016 - 13:20" class="datetime">Wed, 11/02/2016 - 13:20</time> </span> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-cutline-long field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Cutline</div> <div class="field__item">Jeffrey Dvorkin: 鈥淚t鈥檚 been an incredibly different kind of election in regard to advertising, and I think it will change the way political campaigns are done in the future鈥 (photo by Ken Jones)</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-author-reporters field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/authors-reporters/don-campbell" hreflang="en">Don Campbell</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-author-legacy field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Author legacy</div> <div class="field__item">Don Campbell</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-topic field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Topic</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/topics/global-lens" hreflang="en">Global Lens</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-story-tags field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/u-t-scarborough" hreflang="en">老司机直播 Scarborough</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/donald-trump" hreflang="en">Donald Trump</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/hillary-clinton" hreflang="en">Hillary Clinton</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/journalism" hreflang="en">Journalism</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/politics" hreflang="en">Politics</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/international" hreflang="en">International</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/advertising" hreflang="en">Advertising</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Campaign advertising (and complaining about it) is a standard during election time and with good reason 鈥 TV ads reach a lot of people.&nbsp;</p> <p>But in a shifting media landscape more people are getting their news from Twitter, Facebook and Instagram. In this environment do traditional TV campaign ads still matter? What messages are the campaigns sending people from traditional advertising and from social media?</p> <p>For more context, writer&nbsp;<strong>Don Campbell</strong> spoke&nbsp;to <strong>Jeffrey Dvorkin</strong>, director of the journalism program at 老司机直播 Scarborough. He is a&nbsp;former vice-president of news for National Public Radio and a former managing editor with&nbsp;CBC Radio.</p> <p>Dvorkin will be moderating an upcoming discussion about political advertising at the <a href="http://boxoffice.hotdocs.ca/WebSales/pages/info.aspx?evtinfo=56388~fff311b7-cdad-4e14-9ae4-a9905e1b9cb0&amp;epguid=6395d239-7dd9-47d4-a22f-81a783873e12&amp;">Hot Docs Theatre </a>&nbsp;on Nov.&nbsp;6.&nbsp;He shared his insights on the history of campaign advertising and how the current presidential candidates have tried to 鈥渟ell鈥 themselves to voters.&nbsp;</p> <hr> <p><strong>How has Donald Trump been able to get his message out without relying as much on traditional campaign advertising?</strong></p> <p>This has never really been done before. Donald Trump has relied far less on traditional campaign advertising than previous Republican campaigns&nbsp;while the Democrats have relied on advertising to pretty much the same extent as they have in the past. What鈥檚 unique is that Trump has been able to get on TV consistently either by calling talk shows or open line shows or by saying outrageous things that will get covered by TV network news. This tactic was calculated to be the equivalent of as much as $160 million in free advertising throughout his campaign. At the presidential level, the Republicans have spent $40 million less than the Democrats, but Trump has been able to outspend Hillary Clinton simply by getting on the air. Networks have fallen for this tactic on the assumption that Trump will say something outrageous that will be in the news cycle for the next 24 hours, which helps their ratings.</p> <p><strong>Historically, how have candidates used campaign advertising?</strong></p> <p>Political advertising has been an important element in the political landscape since the 1960 presidential election between Kennedy and Nixon, and it鈥檚 only been increasing every four years since then. This is especially the case for something called down-market advertising. These are campaign ads that run at the local or state level. They have traditionally been a cash cow for local television stations. In fact, many local TV stations make most of their money for the entire year during the political season. What鈥檚 happened this year is that the down-market ads for the local House of Representatives and the Senate have not been the moneymakers they once were.</p> <p><strong>How has the messaging been different between the two campaigns in this election? </strong></p> <p>Trump has tapped into a real anxiety among voters. He鈥檚 been talking about the hollowing out of the white working class, and he鈥檚 tapped into it with a message that鈥檚 been at times racist and misogynistic. He鈥檚 identified problems but hasn鈥檛 offered much in terms of solutions in his messaging. It鈥檚 easier for Clinton to counter that message in terms of offering clear policies. This has undermined Trump's message because although there are a lot of pissed-off people, there are a lot of people looking for good ideas.</p> <p>Trump鈥檚 message is appealing to an older television-watching audience, and I think that鈥檚 because he鈥檚 an entertainer, not a policy person. I think the reason his campaign has failed in general is that he鈥檚 appealing to a narrow portion of the American electorate that鈥檚 in decline anyways. The demographics in America are changing, and he hasn鈥檛 adequately tapped into that.</p> <p><strong>How have social media and other digital advertising been used in this election?</strong></p> <p>It鈥檚 been an incredibly different kind of election in regard to advertising, and I think it will change the way political campaigns are done in the future. Political advertising at the local level has been targeting older voters because they still watch TV, but younger voters don鈥檛 watch TV as much. What Trump has done rather cleverly is that recently he鈥檚 been posting on Facebook, trying to directly reach supporters. It will be interesting to see how this translates into numbers, and whether that will work better than buying ads for network or local TV.</p> <p>But social media and digital culture have changed the landscape, no question. The web has allowed politicians to work around traditional media with their advertising. Big advertising agencies that used to handle media campaigns are being bypassed now by people posting things on Facebook and Twitter. Increasingly, that鈥檚 where the eyeballs can be found, not looking at newspaper ads or television ads&nbsp;but social media. Politicians have been looking at ways to circumvent the mainstream media and the internet is providing that outlet.</p> <p><strong>Are there some influential campaign ads from the past that really resonated with voters in terms of the message they tried to convey? </strong></p> <p>One really important ad was Ronald Reagan鈥檚 "<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EU-IBF8nwSY">Morning in America</a>." It was very positive and crafted in a way to contrast with how many viewed Jimmy Carter, who was perceived as having a depressing and negative approach to politics. It was during the oil crisis so Jimmy Carter was giving speeches from the White House while wearing a cardigan and telling people to turn down the thermostat. Reagan was a more effective communicator. In the ad, he said, that&nbsp;this isn鈥檛 what America&nbsp;is about, that we are problem-solvers.&nbsp;He had an advertising agency develop a message that resonated with people who were actually turned off by Carter鈥檚 serious and perhaps more realistic message.</p> <p>More recently, Barack Obama had a very positive message in his advertising. With his "Yes We Can" message, he tapped into something very positive about how America wants to see itself in the world. That鈥檚 why it was so effective, especially given the political climate after the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan and the financial crisis. He said, you know what, there鈥檚 no problem we can鈥檛 solve. It was in many ways a direct Democrat version of&nbsp;"Morning in America."</p> <p><strong>How would you rate the media鈥檚 coverage of this election so far? &nbsp;</strong></p> <p>Overall, it hasn鈥檛 been great. There鈥檚 been a trend of focusing on the race itself via the polls, rather than looking at the party or the candidates鈥 platform. One reason for this is that news outlets are relying more on polling data than ever before. There are fewer field reporters doing the legwork of figuring out what the policies and ideas are. That鈥檚 not happening anymore. The economic reality for most news outlets is that they鈥檙e lowering the quality of their content, and the obvious example of this is crunching data to provide content for media organizations.</p> <p>Some are doing a better job like<em> The Washington Post</em>, <em>The&nbsp;</em><em>Wall Street Journal</em> and<em>&nbsp;The&nbsp;New York Times</em>, which are doing tremendous research into what the electorate want, what they鈥檙e thinking, and to what extent they鈥檙e responding to the ideas of Clinton and Trump. Other media, especially TV, is looking for a version of political click bait. Every time Trump opens his mouth he鈥檚 providing content, and there鈥檚 a ratings bump, but often&nbsp;there鈥檚 no context provided for it. This is the part of reality TV that Trump is so good at, but overall it鈥檚 a disservice to the American electorate.</p> <p><em>Don Campbell is a writer with the University of Toronto Scarborough</em></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-news-home-page-banner field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">News home page banner</div> <div class="field__item">Off</div> </div> Wed, 02 Nov 2016 17:20:57 +0000 lavende4 102205 at Election 2015: when it comes to political ads, it's a mixed bag /news/election-2015-when-it-comes-political-ads-its-mixed-bag <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Election 2015: when it comes to political ads, it's a mixed bag</span> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"><span>sgupta</span></span> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"><time datetime="2015-08-24T10:14:20-04:00" title="Monday, August 24, 2015 - 10:14" class="datetime">Mon, 08/24/2015 - 10:14</time> </span> <div class="field field--name-field-author-reporters field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/authors-reporters/alan-christie" hreflang="en">Alan Christie</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-author-legacy field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Author legacy</div> <div class="field__item">Alan Christie</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-story-tags field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/election-2015" hreflang="en">Election 2015</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/television" hreflang="en">Television</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/rotman-school" hreflang="en">Rotman School</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/marketing" hreflang="en">Marketing</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/government" hreflang="en">Government</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/election" hreflang="en">Election</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/advertising" hreflang="en">Advertising</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/top-stories" hreflang="en">Top Stories</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>All three main political parties could be doing a better job of getting their message out through television ads, <strong>David Soberman</strong>&nbsp;says.</p> <p>A&nbsp;professor of marketing and the Canadian National Chair of Strategic Marketing at the Rotman School of Management, Soberman&nbsp;has worked in marketing management for Molson Breweries, Nabisco Brands and Imperial Oil. Soberman, who&nbsp;<a href="http://news.utoronto.ca/election-2015-david-soberman-analyzes-first-leaders-debate">analyzed the first leaders' debate</a>&nbsp;for <em>老司机直播 News</em>, is one of the experts providing analysis and commentary on the election campaign. (<a href="http://news.utoronto.ca/election-2015-political-science-expert-ups-and-downs-campaign-trail">Read an interview with Associate Professor <strong>Peter Loewen</strong></a>&nbsp;of the department of political science about campaign strategy. <a href="http://news.utoronto.ca/election-2015-law-expert-examines-proposed-ban-travel-places-are-ground-zero-terrorism">Read an interview with Professor <strong>Kent Roach</strong></a> of the Faculty of Law on the prime minister's proposed travel ban.)</p> <p>Soberman watched television ads in his office and shared his reactions with <em>老司机直播 News</em>.</p> <hr> <p><strong>What is your assessment of the Conservatives鈥 鈥渉e鈥檚 just not ready鈥 ad about Justin Trudeau?</strong><br> I think for a year or so that it did a fairly effective job of raising doubts about Justin Trudeau鈥檚 competence and the depth in which he would be able to do the job as prime minister. There was no advertising to counter it. But in the [Maclean鈥檚] debate a lot of people saw Trudeau and have now seen him campaign.</p> <p>While you might not agree with him or vote for him, people have come to realize that a lot of what is being said in the ads isn鈥檛 fair. There is not really any support for it. When that happens, when people see something they don鈥檛 really believe is justified, I don鈥檛 think the ad achieves its objectives.&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>The ads make other claims, concerning his views on balancing the budget and his hair.</strong><br> Before someone is prime minister they鈥檙e never ready to be prime minister so that could be a basis for an argument against anybody (including Conservative Leader Stephen Harper in 2006). This issue of balancing a budget: People balance budgets all the time, when you become an adult have to balance a budget. Of course Trudeau hasn鈥檛 balanced a budget in a government setting because he hasn鈥檛 been in power.&nbsp;</p> <p>The 鈥渘ice hair鈥 remark is gratuitous. I am not the greatest fan of attack ads. They work when your opponent has a significant weakness that people have to be made aware of, but when the ads descend to the mud-slinging 鈥 and I would say 鈥渘ice hair鈥 is mud-slinging 鈥 I don鈥檛 think they play a positive role in the political process.</p> <p><strong>How do you view the NDP ad about 鈥渃orruption鈥 in the Conservative government that includes the Senate scandal?</strong><br> It鈥檚 also an attack ad but in contrast to the Conservative attack ads on Trudeau the NDP is actually focusing on things that have happened. People can check to see that these things all happened during the course of the Harper government. The suggestion from the NDP is that if you vote for us this will change.&nbsp;</p> <p>Another ad with NDP Leader Thomas Mulcair talking about middle-class values and trying to take care of people conveys a&nbsp;more positive message. But most of it could have been a Liberal or Conservative ad, it is so generic. I don鈥檛 even know what middle class values are. Work hard, take care of your fellow man? You know what? Most wealthy people work hard and are some of the biggest donors to hospitals and charities in Canada.&nbsp;</p> <p>I would love to see these ads answer the question: 鈥淲hat are you going to do that is different?鈥 We don鈥檛 tend to see that.&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>What about the Liberal ad in response to the Conservatives鈥 鈥渘ot ready鈥?</strong><br> That is a very clever ad. [Trudeau] is able to use the Conservatives鈥 slogan as a basis for his thing, which is that he is 鈥渘ot ready鈥 for people to lose their jobs, not ready to watch people fall further behind, not ready to watch the economy decline. I think that is a good message.</p> <p>Trudeau鈥檚 ad on helping the middle class is nice because he actually talks specifically about taxing the rich to help relieve middle-class taxpayers. What he leaves very amorphous is what exactly he is going to do. Tax the top one per cent more? You don鈥檛 want to have the situation in France, where some people are moving to Belgium, Switzerland or Russia. You don鈥檛 want to scare your wealthy people away. Still, it鈥檚 interesting that while the NDP talks about change [in general], these guys [the Liberals] talk about real change.</p> <p><strong>What advice would you give the Conservatives?</strong><br> I would stop the attack ads. Continuing with them makes [Trudeau鈥檚 response] more effective. The second reason is that I think Trudeau has shown himself on the campaign trail to be far more competent and deep than the Conservative ads portray. And the third reason is those ads are playing right into the NDP鈥檚 hands. If the Conservatives spend heavily to weaken the Liberals, that support is much more likely to go toward the NDP. In many ridings they could actually help the NDP win.</p> <p><strong>What advice would you give the NDP?</strong><br> I would go for the jugular on the Mike Duffy trial. I think what we鈥檝e seen is that the PMO鈥檚 chief of staff approved a policy that basically deceived Canadians. The idea that the prime minister would have somebody in his office who thinks that deception is OK is worrisome. And they (the Conservatives) are very vulnerable. The NDP or the Liberals could present the facts that have come out in court and ask: When people in the Conservative Party speak, can you believe them?</p> <p><strong>What advice would you give the Liberals?</strong><br> They should keep running the ad that has Justin Trudeau saying he is 鈥渘ot ready.鈥 And I think they should probably be a little more specific in how they are actually going to fund the $5 billion he says he is going to give to the middle class. They need to be more specific with their policies and explain why they make sense.</p> <p><em>This interview has been edited and condensed for length.</em><br> &nbsp;</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-news-home-page-banner field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">News home page banner</div> <div class="field__item">Off</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-picpath field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">picpath</div> <div class="field__item">sites/default/files/2015-08-24-Election2015_Design1_1.jpg</div> </div> Mon, 24 Aug 2015 14:14:20 +0000 sgupta 7233 at