Peter Donnelly / en North American women's ice hockey players struggle for a league of their own: 老司机直播 expert /news/north-american-women-s-ice-hockey-players-struggle-league-their-own-u-t-expert <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">North American women's ice hockey players struggle for a league of their own: 老司机直播 expert</span> <div class="field field--name-field-featured-picture field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="eager" srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_370/public/file-20190606-40758-weblead.jpg?h=afdc3185&amp;itok=qdVKi6Y5 370w, /sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_740/public/file-20190606-40758-weblead.jpg?h=afdc3185&amp;itok=-L_NIOm7 740w, /sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_1110/public/file-20190606-40758-weblead.jpg?h=afdc3185&amp;itok=1wMazuxU 1110w" sizes="(min-width:1200px) 1110px, (max-width: 1199px) 80vw, (max-width: 767px) 90vw, (max-width: 575px) 95vw" width="740" height="494" src="/sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_370/public/file-20190606-40758-weblead.jpg?h=afdc3185&amp;itok=qdVKi6Y5" alt> </div> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"><span>Christopher.Sorensen</span></span> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"><time datetime="2019-06-11T09:30:33-04:00" title="Tuesday, June 11, 2019 - 09:30" class="datetime">Tue, 06/11/2019 - 09:30</time> </span> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-cutline-long field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Cutline</div> <div class="field__item">Calgary Inferno鈥檚 Zoe Hickel (left) and Tori Hickel celebrate winning the 2019 Canadian Women鈥檚 Hockey League Clarkson Cup after beating Les Canadiennes de Montreal (photo by Chris Young)</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-author-reporters field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/authors-reporters/peter-donnelly" hreflang="en">Peter Donnelly</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-topic field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Topic</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/topics/our-community" hreflang="en">Our Community</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-story-tags field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/faculty-kinesiology-physical-education" hreflang="en">Faculty of Kinesiology &amp; Physical Education</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/hockey" hreflang="en">Hockey</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/conversation" hreflang="en">The Conversation</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/women" hreflang="en">Women</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Women鈥檚 professional team sports seem to be flourishing, especially basketball in China and the United States (WNBA), and various soccer leagues in Europe. The news is not so good for women鈥檚 ice hockey in North America.</p> <p>The Canadian Women鈥檚 Hockey League (CWHL) discontinued operations on May 1, 2019. In the U.S., the recently established National Women鈥檚 Hockey League (NWHL) is in a vulnerable position. Many of the players are hoping to develop a more stable women鈥檚 league by partnering with the National Hockey League (NHL), following the model established by the WNBA and the women鈥檚 soccer leagues in Europe.</p> <p>As a sociologist of sport, I am interested in the conditions under which women and men play sports. Here, I consider some of the potential risks of partnering with a men鈥檚 league and suggest some alternative ways of developing a successful women鈥檚 hockey league.</p> <h4>Player solidarity</h4> <p>At the end of March 2019, a week after <a href="http://www.thecwhl.com/clarksoncup">the Calgary Inferno won the Clarkson Cup</a> (the women鈥檚 equivalent of the Stanley Cup), the CWHL announced that it was closing down because it was 鈥渆conomically unsustainable.鈥 That announcement was overshadowed by <a href="https://www.tsn.ca/more-than-200-players-call-for-overhaul-of-women-s-pro-hockey-1.1299658">a remarkable statement signed by more than 200 professional players from the CWHL and the NWHL</a>.</p> <figure class="align-center zoomable"><a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/278219/original/file-20190606-40731-1nhmkx9.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip"><img alt sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/278219/original/file-20190606-40731-1nhmkx9.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/278219/original/file-20190606-40731-1nhmkx9.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/278219/original/file-20190606-40731-1nhmkx9.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/278219/original/file-20190606-40731-1nhmkx9.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/278219/original/file-20190606-40731-1nhmkx9.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/278219/original/file-20190606-40731-1nhmkx9.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/278219/original/file-20190606-40731-1nhmkx9.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w"></a> <figcaption><span class="caption">Les Canadiennes de Montreal鈥檚 goaltender Emerance Maschmeyer makes a save during the 2019 Clarkson Cup game (photo by&nbsp;</span><span class="attribution">Chris Young)</span></figcaption> </figure> <p>The players鈥 statement 鈥 fittingly released on May 1st 鈥 declared that 鈥渨e will not play in ANY professional leagues in North America this season until we get the resources that professional hockey demands and deserves.鈥</p> <p>In this unusual demonstration of solidarity by professional athletes, the CWHL players highlighted the circumstances under which they had been working. Using the Twitter hashtag, #ForTheGame, the players declared:&nbsp;鈥淲e cannot make a sustainable living playing in the current state of the professional game. Having no health insurance and making as low as two thousand dollars a season means players can鈥檛 adequately train and prepare to play at the highest level.鈥</p> <h4>Seeking stable alternatives</h4> <p>In the CWHL, salaries ranged from <a href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/hockey/article-womens-hockey-stars-announce-boycott-in-demand-for-1-league/">CDN$2,000 to $10,000 per season</a>. In the NWHL salaries in the first season of operation (2015-16) ranged from <a href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/hockey/article-nwhl-walkout-could-mean-an-early-end-to-some-players-careers/">US$10,000 to US$26,000 per season, but these were reduced in the second season, often by 50 per cent</a>.</p> <p>Players who also play for their national teams in North America and Europe are often relatively well-funded, but the majority of professional players have careers outside hockey. Some also have children. Some older players realize that the job action could mean they have <a href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/hockey/article-nwhl-walkout-could-mean-an-early-end-to-some-players-careers/">played their last game</a> of high-level hockey.</p> <p>As with other forms of labour action, those who have withdrawn their labour acknowledge that any gains that are made will be most likely to benefit the next generations of players. The protesting players have recently <a href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/hockey/article-women-hockey-players-form-union-in-step-toward-viable-pro-league/">formed a union</a>, the Professional Women鈥檚 Hockey Players鈥 Association (PWHPA).</p> <p>It seems that the players鈥 actions to improve their working conditions, as well as the overall image of women鈥檚 hockey, may follow the lead of their peers in the WNBA and European professional soccer leagues. That is, they advocate affiliating with men鈥檚 professional leagues and teams, in this case the NHL and select teams in that league.</p> <p>Part of my work as Director of the <a href="https://kpe.utoronto.ca/research-centre/centre-sport-policy-studies">Centre for Sport Policy Studies at the University of Toronto</a> involves monitoring the rights and working (playing) conditions for athletes in professional and high performance sport.</p> <h4>What if players controlled the game?</h4> <p>Prompted by the corruption and mismanagement evident in many national and international sports organizations and by the disturbing 鈥渙wnership鈥 model of many professional team sport leagues 鈥搘here players are bought and sold, drafted, traded and auctioned 鈥 I have been asking the question: 鈥<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2015.11687954">What if the players controlled the game</a>?鈥</p> <p>Low pay and short careers for the majority of the world鈥檚 professional athletes are accompanied by <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s40318-016-0095-y">health-compromising behaviours</a> and <a href="https://doi.org/10.1123/ssj.10.4.373">extraordinary rates of injury</a> that would be a topic of major concern in any other industry or institution.</p> <p>In the authoritarian conditions under which most sports are played at the highest level, athletes have very little opportunity to determine the form, the circumstances and the meaning of their participation. Partnering with the NHL to form a women鈥檚 professional hockey league is likely a much better alternative than the status quo, but the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/the-23-richest-billionaire-nhl-franchise-owners-2018-3">billionaire owners</a> of NHL teams are not likely to include players in their decision-making.</p> <p>The NHL has declared <a href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/hockey/article-womens-hockey-stars-announce-boycott-in-demand-for-1-league/">no interest</a> in partnering with a women鈥檚 hockey league, despite the fact that such a move has been a <a href="https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-3866991011/beyond-the-business-case-for-the-wnba-astrategic">profitable declaration of</a> <a href="https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/manchester-united-womens-super-league-city-arsenal-liverpool-everton-a8270911.html">corporate social responsibility in other sports</a>. Some women鈥檚 soccer teams in Italy and Spain are now <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/football/2019/apr/05/womens-super-league-games-main-stadiums">demanding to play in the men鈥檚 team鈥檚 stadiums because of the size of their fan base</a>. NHL team owners may be waiting until they can partner with women鈥檚 teams on conditions most favourable to themselves.</p> <p>Given the solidarity demonstrated by so many of the top women players, perhaps they would be ready to consider some alternatives 鈥 player ownership, community ownership or some combination of these in order to form a league of their own.</p> <p>Before the NFL Players鈥 Association (NFLPA) went on strike in 1982, the union produced a pamphlet titled 鈥淲e Are the Game鈥, which stated that the NFLPA wouldn鈥檛 only run exhibitions games, it 鈥<a href="http://profootballresearchers.com/archives/Website_Files/Coffin_Corner/23-06-912.pdf">would create a league of several teams, owned and operated by the players themselves</a>.鈥 Two games were played, but the experiment failed under enormous legal resistance from team, media and stadium owners. However, the players鈥 recognition that <a href="https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315679501">鈥渨e are the game鈥</a> remains a resource of hope.</p> <h4>Ownership</h4> <p>The best current example of player ownership is in roller derby, the international Women鈥檚 Flat Track Derby Association (<a href="https://wftda.com/wftda-leagues/">WFTDA</a>), where teams and leagues are owned by the players, for the players. A hybrid example is the <a href="https://www.freedomfootball.co/ownership/">U.S.-based Freedom Football League (FFL)</a>, where teams are co-owned by players, fans and investors. <a href="http://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/sportslaw/vol25/iss1/3">Crowd-funding is another potential alternative</a> to establishing their own league, and working toward community ownership.</p> <figure><iframe allowfullscreen frameborder="0" height="260" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/jI3QUURhb6g?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0" width="440"></iframe> <figcaption><span class="caption">Game 3 of the 2019 CWHL playoffs, with the Toronto Furies at Calgary Inferno.</span></figcaption> </figure> <p><a href="https://ilsr.org/rule/sports/2789-2/">Community ownership</a> is the <a href="https://sportshistoryculture.blog/2016/02/11/fan-ownership-whats-the-problem/">best established model of alternative ownership</a>. Examples can be found in soccer, with teams and leagues in at least 31 countries, and also in American football, Canadian football, Australian rules football, baseball, basketball, ice hockey and rugby leagues.</p> <p>The PWHPA might consider one of these alternatives if they do not 鈥<a href="https://womenshockeylife.com/womens-hockey-players-unite-for-change/">get the resources that professional hockey demands and deserves</a>鈥 from the <a href="http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/nwhl-expansion-womens-ice-hockey-players-new-league">NWHL or the NHL</a>. Community tax bases have provided major support to men鈥檚 professional sports, <a href="https://hockeyinsociety.com/2019/04/10/myth-busting-part-3-you-get-what-you-deserve/">including hockey</a>, in the form of <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40326145">direct subsidies, tax holidays and financing stadium or arena construction</a>. Player- and/or community-owned women鈥檚 teams would also have an equity-based right to call on community resources 鈥 For The Game.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img alt="The Conversation" height="1" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/117581/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important" width="1" loading="lazy"><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: http://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></p> <p><em><span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/peter-donnelly-338669">Peter Donnelly</a>&nbsp;is a professor in the Faculty of Kinesiology &amp; Physical Education at the&nbsp;<a href="http://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-toronto-1281">University of Toronto</a>.</span></em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="http://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/north-american-womens-ice-hockey-players-struggle-for-a-league-of-their-own-117581">original article</a>.</em></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-news-home-page-banner field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">News home page banner</div> <div class="field__item">Off</div> </div> Tue, 11 Jun 2019 13:30:33 +0000 Christopher.Sorensen 156850 at